- Production:
- Benzoic acid is primarily produced through:
• Oxidation of toluene using oxygen or nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.
• Carboxylation of phenol with carbon dioxide (Kolbe-Schmitt reaction).
• Extraction from natural sources such as cranberries, prunes, and cinnamon.
- Applications:
- Food Industry: Used as a preservative (E210) to extend the shelf life of food and beverages, particularly in acidic products like sodas, sauces, and pickles.
- Pharmaceuticals: Acts as an antifungal and antibacterial agent in ointments, syrups, and topical creams.
- Cosmetics & Personal Care: Functions as a preservative in shampoos, lotions, and deodorants to prevent microbial contamination.
Properties of Benzoic Acid:
- Chemical Formula: C7H6O2
- Molecular Weight: 122.12 g/mol
- Physical State: White crystalline powder or flakes
- Odor: Mild, characteristic odor
- Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone
- Hazards: Can cause skin and eye irritation; inhalation of its dust may cause respiratory discomfort.